When expansion stalls: an extension to the concept of range pinning in ecology

Identifying the factors modulating range expansion is essential to accurately predict changes in spatial distribution of populations. By preventing population growth after dispersal, Allee effects can lead front stops discrete space, called 'pinning' if permanent. However, other mechanisms, such as positive density-dependent have also been shown affect rate and generate discrete-space stops, albeit temporarily. In this study, we investigated stability generated by mechanisms relation carrying capacity environment. To end, performed artificial expansions space using stochastic simulations microcosm experiments. Simulation results confirmed that dispersal alone sustained for a limited capacities. We highlighted synergy between on pinning emergence. Experimental results, obtained model species known exhibit but without effects, results. Furthermore, our study raises issue carefully considering conditions stability, context depending time-scale considered.